However, assumptions have it that obesity can be the culprit due to the large amount of fat concentration found in the waistline. Accordingly, said fats affect the abdominal organs from functioning properly.

Other causes linked to type 2 diabetes include age, heredity, and lately the environment, based on issues concerning polycarbonate plastic traces (ketones) found in the urine of type 2 diabetics.

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease and its treatment may start from oral medication to insulin injection if the damaged insulin secretion continues to deteriorate.

Hence, type 2 diabetes being an incurable disease may progress into type 1 and will now require insulin augmentation. Through medication, nutritional diet and exercise will keep the blood sugar level near to normal to prevent complications.

The absence of a cure for type 2 diabetes and the possible complications make it necessary for a diabetic sufferer to manage his treatments in the best-recommended ways possible.

Otherwise short-term complications may crop up such as:

1. Rise in blood sugar levels or otherwise known as hyperglycemia.
2. Increased ketones in the urine or diabetic ketoacidosis.
3. Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia which if left untreated will result to seizures and loss of consciousness (coma).

On the other hand, it may also lead to long-term complications like:

1. Heart ailments and other blood vessel diseases.
2. Skin and mouth sores and other ailments.
3. Osteoporosis.
4. Alzheimer’s disease and damages to the nerve (neuropathy).
5. Kidney (nephropathy).
6. Eye disorders known as diabetic retinopathy.
7. Incurable foot disease.

In worst cases, the sufferer will likely become disabled or die if not immediately acted upon.

There is no exact cure for type 2 diabetes but there are recent studies underway in search for a type 2 diabetes cure.  Recently, gastric bypass surgery was introduced and it is said to normalize the blood glucose level of severely obese patients by as much as 80 percent to 100 percent. Surgical procedure is required, which involves the rerouting of the gastrointestinal tract to reduce the occurrence of diabetes.

This is different from gastric bonding or restricting the size of the stomach, which aims to induce massive weight loss. Extensive studies are still being undertaken to perfect and develop gastric bypass surgery as the possible standard cure for type 2 diabetes.

In the absence of any new developments in relation to type 2 diabetes cure, the sufferer should manage the disease by taking medications as scheduled, constantly monitoring the blood sugar level, eating the right foods, engaging in a physical activity under the supervision of the doctor, and accepting all these treatments as a part of a diabetic’s way of lie.

A well-managed treatment in a type 2 diabetes patient can provide a longer life without complications.

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Like any other cases of diabetes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), strict compliance to a gestational diabetes diet is a must for pregnant women to avoid complications.

Symptoms of gestational diabetes may or may not be evident. If symptoms occur, it may include fatigue, extreme thirst, blurred vision, frequent infections, and increased urination. Normally, this is detected by the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy.

Although this type of diabetes can be considered as not life-threatening, problems may occur in the baby like jaundice (skin turns yellow and change in the whites of the eyes), birth trauma, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or big size at birth. On very rare occasions, the fetus dies at the later part of pregnancy.

The glucose level requires constant monitoring of the doctor or health care professional. Self-monitoring is also advisable. Normally, the glucose level normalizes after delivery but the mother is already vulnerable to type 2 diabetes.

Here are some guides for a gestational diabetes diet after taking into consideration that 1 gram of carbohydrate is equivalent to 4 calories, more or less:

1. Protein – If the normal calories for non-pregnant women is 1800 calories per day, this will increase to 2100 calories per day in pregnant women starting from the 14th weeks to the date of delivery. Keep a 10% to 20% intake of calories coming from lean meats, skinless poultry, fish, legumes, or non-dairy products. This is equivalent to 420 calories based on the 20% of the 2100 calories or 105 grams of carbohydrates (420 calories divided by 4).

2. Fat – Dietary fat should not be more than 30% of calories per day. This will help in weight loss. Sources of fats are butter, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressing, nuts, or seeds. Based on the 2100 calories per day, this is around 630 calories (2100 multiplied by 30%) or 157 grams of carbohydrates (630 divided by 4), more or less.

3. Carbohydrates – This should be around 50% to 60% of calories per day. Sources include whole grains breads, peas, beans, starchy foods, vegetables, and cereals. Again, using the 2100 calories per day as basis, this is 1260 calories (2100 multiplied by 60%) or 315 grams of carbohydrates (1260 divided by 4).

4. Sugar – Pregnant women tend to over indulge their cravings for foods with high amount of sugar like ice cream, soft drinks, candy, cakes and pies. They should also avoid foods with artificial sweeteners.

As a whole, the dietitian or health care professional monitoring the progress of gestational diabetes is in a better position to plan the gestational diabetes diet.

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Signs of diabetes may not be evident to those with pre-diabetes. In pre-diabetes, the glucose level in the blood is higher than the normal blood level but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. People with pre-diabetes are prone to type 2 diabetes and heart disease leading to stroke.

Usually, the symptoms may be one or more of the following:

1. Urinating excessively.
2. Feelings of dehydration.
3. Weight loss.
4. Pangs of hunger.
5. Parched and itchy skin.
6. Healing of wounds is slow.
7. Fuzzy vision.
8. Losing or having tingling feeling in the feet.

Having diabetes is not always about having high blood sugar content. It can be the opposite which is called hypoglycemia. This often occurs due to too much intake of diabetes medicine thereby making the blood glucose (sugar) lower than its normal level. Other causes include over exertion, delaying or missing a meal, alcoholic beverages or due to medicines taken to treat other health problems.

Signs of hypoglycemia are fatigue, hunger, irritabilty, confusion, sweating or headache. This can even result to seizure or passing out.

As additional information, the opposite term for hypoglycemia is hyperglycemia or that diabetic stage where your blood sugar level is high.

If you feel the diabetes signs, it is best to consult or inform the following:

1. Doctor – A doctor with special training in the control of diabetes is called an endocrinologist or diabetologist. He is the right person to consult if you have diabetes. He will recommend blood tests for sugar content so that proper medications can be prescribed.

2. Dietitian or nurse – Often called diabetes educator. They will help in planning meals, physical activities, intake of medicines and the proper way to check the blood glucose.

3. Family and friends – It is better to inform your family or friends about the disease to assist you when going to the doctor or dietitian diabetes requires constant monitoring.

At the onset of a diabetes diagnosis, consulting a counselor or mental worker is another option. Diabetes can alter the mood of a person by making him depressed or sad most of the time which can affect a suferers ability to handle relationships within the family, at school or even at work. If there is a need for a counselor or mental worker, you can ask for a referral from your doctor or diabetes educator.

The best way to avoid diabetes is to always take care of our body by proper nourishment and exercise. Just like a machine, our body is also subject to wear and tear which may need some check-ups or tune-ups from time to time. There may be no signs of diabetes evident or any health disorder for that matter but it is always wise to visit our doctor on a regular basis as a precautionary measure.

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