The guidelines are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, and other interested individuals with the components of standard diabetes care, to include treatment goals and the tools required to evaluate the quality of care rendered.

Diabetes is a severe condition that requires continued medical care. It also requires patient’s self-knowledge and self-management in order to prevent acute complications as well as long term, life threatening conditions.

Diabetes guidelines offer vital information that promotes a range of interventions provided to improve diabetes outcomes. Diabetes is very complex and must suggest standards to accommodate additional issues beyond glycemic control. Unfortunately, many people with diabetes are not treated properly or receive the assistance they need.

Fortunately, the ADA has made crucial recommendations that target the growing number of diabetes patient. These recommendations and guidelines encompass more extensive evaluations and management strategies for the patient. The recommendations include screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic actions that are suggested to favorably affect health outcomes of diabetic patients.

Initially, the ADA issued progressive classification and diagnostic criteria for diagnosing diabetes.

A) Type 1 – usually leads to absolute insulin deficiency (no insulin produced by the pancreas)

B) Type 2 – results from insulin resistance (body’s inability to accept the insulin produced)

C) Diabetes due to other causes – genetic defects in cell functions, genetic defects in insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas, and drug- or chemically induced

D) Gestational diabetes mellitus – diagnosed during pregnancy

There are three ways to diagnose diabetes that is recommended through ADA diabetes guidelines.

E) Tolerance Test (OGTT) – sensitive and modest, yet not recommended for routine clinical use *useful for further evaluation of patients of whom diabetes is strongly suspected

F) Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) – poorly reproducible and difficult to perform in practice, yet easy to use and at a low cost * preferred by patients

G) A1C – not previously recommended as a measure to diagnose diabetes due to a lack of global standardization until 2008 * became the preferred diagnostic test for diabetes due to increasing observational evidence.

Conclusively, the American Diabetes Association diabetes guidelines identify three important techniques for quality diabetes care: initial evaluation, management, and glycemic control. These techniques are essential in regards to the lives of many Americans that are living with this serious disease.

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However, immediate goals are significant to reverse the symptoms and possibly cure the condition. The symptoms of this type of diabetes are becoming more common, in lieu of increasing numbers of elderly patients, lack of physical activity, and increased obesity rates.

Adult diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal. Furthermore, the body does not effectively use the insulin produced, called insulin resistance. As a result, high levels of sugar in the blood exist, creating an epidemic of high blood sugar levels.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels. Any one suffering with type2 diabetes must implement treatment to stabilize the levels and reduce the risks of progression. This is important in that long term complications may result, such as heart disease and kidney failure.

Upon diagnosis, the healthcare physician begins a diabetic management plan. The physician may prescribe oral medication as a treatment of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, it is important that you educate yourself on diabetes, how to control and live with it, and long term complications from it.

Eliminating the symptoms and obtaining acceptable blood glucose levels can be achieved, not only with drugs, but also with exercise and diet. Making essential healthy lifestyle modifications is critical for managing type 2 diabetes. There are several steps that to can implement to self-manage type 2 diabetes. It is important, also, that you make regular visits to your physician as a safety precaution.

1. Self-Testing
a. self monitoring of blood glucose is done by checking glucose content of a small drop of blood

b. a glucometer and a test strip provides an exact reading of blood glucose level

c. test before meals and bedtime

2. Diet and Weight Control
a. diabetes diet plan includes healthy, nutritional meals, along with eating the right amount of food at the right time to control blood glucose levels

b. obtain a registered nutritionist and/or dietician to assist with specific dietary needs

c. weight management is critical as a treatment of type2 diabetes- many type2 diabetics can stop medications after losing weight as obesity is a major contributing factor

3. Regular Physical Activity
a. physical activity improves overall health, blood flow, and blood pressure

b. exercise naturally lowers insulin resistance and controls the amount of glucose in the blood (exercise program)

c. burns calories and fat allowing increased energy levels, lowers tension, and ability to cope with stress

4. Medication
a. only necessary if diet and exercise alone is not effective to maintain blood glucose levels

b. oral medications such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and/or alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors

c. after oral medications are prescribed, yet continue to have poor blood glucose control, prescribe insulin injections

5. Foot Care
a. people with type2 diabetes are prone to foot problems due to blood vessel and nerve damage which interrupts normal blood flow to the feet causing death of skin or tissue

b. left untreated- must be amputation

c. check feet daily and repeat sores or changes

d. exercise daily to promote circulation

e. discontinue smoking as it worsens blood flow to feet

6. Continuing Care
a. regular checkups and evaluations every 3 months and annually

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If blood sugar monitoring will show that the diabetic person frequently incurs diabetes hyperglycemia for a considerable length of time, the nerves, blood vessels and other body organs are at risk of becoming impaired.

The attending physician, the health care provider, the diabetes nurse, the diabetes dietitian, and the endocrinologists will all take part in working out another treatment plan for you, should hyperglycemia pose further threats in your diabetic condition. Changes in medication, diabetic diet, and exercise therapies will be implemented to correct your diabetes hyperglycemia.

Treatments of Diabetes Hyperglycemia:

The following are the changes which may be instituted in the treatment of your diabetes; this is to possibly address your diabetes hyperglycemia condition.

1. Add more water intakes since water will help discard the excess glucose contained in your urine as well as keep you hydrated.

2. Keep a more active lifestyle by engaging in some form of exercise. However, your doctor will have to analyze your blood sugar monitoring information before he implements exercise as a therapy. Some sufferers of diabetes type 1 are not suitable for too much exertion of energy, if their urine have traces of ketones.

Ketones are indications that the body is still incapable of glucose absorption in as much the energy being used by the body is derived from fat nutrients.

The type 2 diabetes also has some limitations if treatments are to include exercises. Blood sugar levels at over 300 mg/dL with or without ketone among diabetic type 2 patients, make the patient ineligible for exercise therapies.

3. A change of medication may be called for but your doctor should do this. In no way should you do the changing yourself out of some friend’s recommendations.

Preventive Measures against Hyperglycemia

In keeping with any disorder, knowing the causes and treatments is not enough. For this matter, you should also take on precautionary measures to prevent diabetes from developing in your body, to wit;

• Follow your treatment regimen: the diabetic meal plans, exercise programs and medicine administration, strictly according to schedule.

• Count carbohydrates, calories and cholesterol levels should you intake food outside of your diabetic meal plan.

• Observe your blood sugar levels and compositions regularly.

• Communicate abnormal trends in your blood sugar readings.

• Indicate in your identification cards that you are a diabetes sufferer to ensure that you will be given proper treatment in case of emergency.

Developing hyperglycemia while you’re already in a diabetic stage is not a good indication about your diabetic condition. Diabetes hyperglycemia is a disease not to be taken lightly since this could only mean that your diabetes is taking a turn for the worst. Phone your doctor immediately.

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