Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising regularly would suggest a change in eating habits and implementing daily physical activity. The ultimate goal for treating diabetes is to keep the blood sugar levels as normal as possible. Therefore, eating healthy is a perfect start.

Diabetes is a condition that affects the pancreas and its production of insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the individual does not produce enough insulin and the type 2 diabetic has difficulty using the insulin properly.

In both cases the insulin builds up in the bloodstream inducing increased blood sugar or glucose levels. The glucose normal function is to assist the body’s cells to produce energy for the body to use. More so, if the blood glucose is not controlled by the body’s cells, it remains in the bloodstream.

The bloodstream becomes toxic; poisoning every system of the body. This is why the food that you eat is so significant. The glucose is manufactured from the digested food and by the liver.

A diabetes diet plan generally encompasses dietary changes that successfully balance the moderation of food intake with carbohydrate control and overall healthy eating choices. Most people with diabetes also struggle with obesity.

These dietary changes; which typically involve the reduction of calories and carbohydrate control will also help you loose weight. Of course, this plan should accompany an appropriate exercise regimen.

Learning what foods affect your blood sugar levels is your best defense against diabetes. Your physician will probably suggest that you speak with a nutritionist or dietician to help you prepare this healthy eating plan.

When starting a diabetic diet, you should know what you are destined to accomplish. It is important to secure an overall balance of nutrients. The diet should consist of high fiber and protein, and low in fat and calories.

Because glucose settles in the bloodstream; inducing high sugar levels, diabetics must alleviate sweets and carbohydrates from your diet.  The ultimate goals for diabetes diet plan are simple and they should include:

1. Keeping the blood sugar (glucose) levels as normal as possible
Upon diagnosis, whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, it usually requires insulin injections and/or oral medications to help your body’s cells breakdown the sugar into energy. Therefore, the calorie intake is balanced with medications in order to alleviate the body’s sugar level dropping or increasing dramatically.

2. Maintaining healthy lipid levels
Maintain a healthy level of cholesterol and triglycerides in the body. Digestion of too much fat is dangerous and it will eventually damage the heart.

3. Maintaining healthy weight
Obesity triggers and exacerbates the symptoms of diabetes. More so, it adds stress to the heart. It is imperative that a healthy weight is maintained.

4. Avoiding complications
Failure to treat diabetes properly causes the development of other medical complications. The condition has proven to trigger diseases related to the heart, kidneys, eyes, and feet.

As you can see, following a diabetes diet plan is a preventive method for avoiding other medically challenging complications. Furthermore, it also helps with weight loss, healthy lipid levels, and encourages physical activity.

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Here are the diabetic diet guidelines:

1. Indulge in low-carbohydrate or low-fat calorie-restricted diet for a period of one year. Weight loss in overweight insulin-resistant individuals reveals a modest loss in weight by as much as 7% of the body weight, which resulted to lower insulin resistance. To maintain weight loss, indulge in any physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day or 150 minutes per week and better yet, make an overall lifestyle change.

2. Reduce calorie and dietary fat intakes. Consumption of saturated fat is recommended to be less than 7% of total calories while trans fat should be reduced. The dietary cholesterol limit per day is less than 200 mg.

3. Sugar alcohols and sweeteners that are nonnutritive are all right if consumed in acceptable level. There are five nonnutritive sweeteners as approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) namely; aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, neotame and acesulfame potassium.

Likewise, included in the list of the FDA as allowed sugar alcohols (polyols) are isomalt, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol, mannitol, tagatose, xylitol and hydrogenated starch hydrolysates. Do not over indulge even though sugar alcohol seems to be safe as it can cause diarrhea in children.

4. In drinking alcoholic beverages, adult men are limited to two drinks in a day while one for older women. Alcohol should be taken in with food to avoid nocturnal hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in people taking insulin.

5. Taking vitamin supplements like E, C and carotene are not advisable due to the absence of efficiency and long-term safety. In addition, chromium supplementation has no conclusive basis that it can lower the blood sugar level.

6. For people with the tendency to have type 2 diabetes, follow the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) dietary fiber recommendation of 14g fiber/1,000 kcal and one-half of grain intakes for foods with whole grains.

7. More than two servings of fish are allowed in a week since it provides n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Commercial fried fish fillets are not included in the diet.

8. The glycemic index is also recommended as reference for fiber rich and nutritious foods. There is no conclusive evidence to link low-glycemic load in reducing the risk of diabetes.

The diabetic diet guidelines were based on the guidelines set forth by the American Diabetes Association. Some of those who adhered to this diet was noted to have reduced the A1C in type 1 diabetes by less than 1% and 1% to 2% in type 2 diabetes, depending on the time the individual was afflicted. Further, observance of this diet  also showed there was a reduction of LDL (bad) cholesterol by 15-25 mg/dl while exercise and lifestyle change has a significant effect to lower hypertension.

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Unfortunately, as they grow older in an environment where diabetes nutrition will not be implemented and a sedentary lifetyle will not be corrected, it will all lead to the development of heart diseases.

This is also based on their statistics that 65 percent of diabetics die from heart attack. All these can be avoided by proper nutrition, wherein blood glucose level is managed, high blood pressure is monitored and LDL (bad) cholesterol is maintained at the appropriate lowest level. However, nutrition alone cannot accomplish this feat if the diabetic disregards exercises and stress management.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease where the level of blood glucose (sugar) is above the normal level. This is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or there is the improper use of insulin by the muscle cells, liver and fat, or both. The resulting insulin disorder plus the elevated blood glucose level will determine whether the sufferer is a type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetic.

A diet for the three types of diabetes should focus in keeping the blood glucose from becoming too high and too low.

For this purpose, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) prepared a Diabetes Food Pyramid about the type and frequency of foods to eat in accordance with their carbohydrate and protein contents, to wit:

1. Grains and starches – (6 to 11 Daily Servings) Bread, cereal, rice, pasta, potatoes, peas, black eyed peas and pinto beans.

2. Vegetables – ( 3 to 5 Daily Servings) Spinach, chicory, sorrel, Swiss chard, broccoli, cabbage, bok choy, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, potatoes, corn, peas, and lima beans.

3. Fruit – (2 to 4 Daily Servings) – Blackberries, cantaloupe, strawberries, oranges, apples, bananas, peaches, pears, apricots, and grapes.

4. Milk and Dairy – (2 to 3 Daily Servings) – Non-fat or low-fat dairy products without the saturated fat.

5. Meat and – (4 to 6 ounces Daily Servings) Beef, chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, tofu, dried beans, cheese, cottage cheese and meat substitutes peanut butter.

6. Fats, sweets and alcohol -(small servings) Potato chips, candy, cookies, cakes, crackers and fried foods.

Another diabetes nutrition guide is the Glycemic Index Diet (GI Diet). The foods are ranked at the rate they break down to form glucose in the body. The concentration of the GI Diet is the foods that break slowly to have the diabetics a feeling of satisfaction for a longer period of time. Examples are vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy products and nuts.

As always, diabetes nutrition should be supplemented by exercise and stress management with the help of the diabetes team: your physician, your diabetes educator, your nurse amd your dietitian, in order to get the best results and to avoid further complications.

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Like any other cases of diabetes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), strict compliance to a gestational diabetes diet is a must for pregnant women to avoid complications.

Symptoms of gestational diabetes may or may not be evident. If symptoms occur, it may include fatigue, extreme thirst, blurred vision, frequent infections, and increased urination. Normally, this is detected by the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy.

Although this type of diabetes can be considered as not life-threatening, problems may occur in the baby like jaundice (skin turns yellow and change in the whites of the eyes), birth trauma, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or big size at birth. On very rare occasions, the fetus dies at the later part of pregnancy.

The glucose level requires constant monitoring of the doctor or health care professional. Self-monitoring is also advisable. Normally, the glucose level normalizes after delivery but the mother is already vulnerable to type 2 diabetes.

Here are some guides for a gestational diabetes diet after taking into consideration that 1 gram of carbohydrate is equivalent to 4 calories, more or less:

1. Protein – If the normal calories for non-pregnant women is 1800 calories per day, this will increase to 2100 calories per day in pregnant women starting from the 14th weeks to the date of delivery. Keep a 10% to 20% intake of calories coming from lean meats, skinless poultry, fish, legumes, or non-dairy products. This is equivalent to 420 calories based on the 20% of the 2100 calories or 105 grams of carbohydrates (420 calories divided by 4).

2. Fat – Dietary fat should not be more than 30% of calories per day. This will help in weight loss. Sources of fats are butter, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressing, nuts, or seeds. Based on the 2100 calories per day, this is around 630 calories (2100 multiplied by 30%) or 157 grams of carbohydrates (630 divided by 4), more or less.

3. Carbohydrates – This should be around 50% to 60% of calories per day. Sources include whole grains breads, peas, beans, starchy foods, vegetables, and cereals. Again, using the 2100 calories per day as basis, this is 1260 calories (2100 multiplied by 60%) or 315 grams of carbohydrates (1260 divided by 4).

4. Sugar – Pregnant women tend to over indulge their cravings for foods with high amount of sugar like ice cream, soft drinks, candy, cakes and pies. They should also avoid foods with artificial sweeteners.

As a whole, the dietitian or health care professional monitoring the progress of gestational diabetes is in a better position to plan the gestational diabetes diet.

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Diabetes is a disease due to the insulin insufficiency to help regulate the body’s metabolism resulting to high sugar blood level. Insulin is a hormone or a substance produced by the pancreas that helps in the use and storage of glucose (sugar) when food is undergoing digestion stage.

Luckily, there is the glycemic index (GI) for diabetes. It is a guide that identifies how one can regulate the carbohydrate content known as glucose, and the corresponding result with regards to the blood sugar level.

However, some health experts argue that the use of glycemic index presents difficulty since compositions may vary from one person to another. However, others insist that the glycemic index guide should be used to set a standard.

The glycemic index is helpful in planning the meal of diabetics or people suffering from the diabetes disease. Hence, foods with low GI will have a relatively small rise in the blood sugar level while foods with high GI will have the tendency to shoot up the level of the blood sugar.

Hence, the index numbers represent food with the highest glucose content as a fast acting carbohydrate. This is to raise low blood sugars after a recent activity like intense exercises which involved the use of much body energy.

Conversely, foods containing slow carbs or glucose content, will prevent excessive glucose levels in the body. Glycemic Index numbers therefore will start at an arbitrary number of 100 with food groups showing numbers in a range of near 100, median numbers away from one hundred or a long distance away from one hundred. These index guides therefore will come in useful in planning meals for diabetic patients.

With the aid of the Glycemic Index, the ultimate goals are:

1. To make the sugar level in the blood normal.
2. To control the blood pressure thereby protecting the heart.
3. To be more conscious in attaining a reasonable weight.
4. To avoid complications emanating from diabetes like heart and kidney diseases.
5. To aid in achieving good health.

Calorie counts are also significant in planning the diets for diabetes. Normally, type 1 diabetes is restricted to around 16 calories for every pound of body weight in a day. While type 2 diabetes requires a calorie diet approximately measuring 1,500 to 1,800 per day. A gram of carbohydrate is around 4 calories, more or less.

On the other hand, there are the so-called free foods that you can partake without counting their calories. They contain no more than 20 calories or less than 5 grams of carbohydrates. The food groups include broth, mineral water, coffee, tea, diet soft drinks, sugar free candies and the likes.

Diabetics should focus not only with the diets for diabetes but also maintain a habitual exercise regimen. Regular exercise will improve blood circulation, the immune system, and insulin sensitivity. However, prior consultation with the attending physician regarding food or exercise is still needed.

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