Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 generally develops in people of African American, American Indian, Asian American, Latino, and Pacific Islander backgrounds. The disease accounts for an astounding 90-95% of all diabetic cases.

Adult-onset diabetes is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. The high blood sugar levels “spills over” into the urine instead of assisting the body’s cells use of glucose for energy.

Specifically, an individual that has developed type 2 diabetes produces insulin, however the insulin is unable to perform its primary job.

The pancreas, the insulin producing organ is overworked as it tries to compensate for the insulin that builds up in the bloodstream. It exerts extra effort to accommodate rising blood sugar levels and high circulating levels of insulin.

As there are several risk factors for developing the type of diabetes, it is imperative that you seek medical attention and treatment for proper maintenance and possible cure. More importantly, educate yourself with the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes:

• Frequent urination
• Rapid breathing
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Mood swings
• Blurred vision
• Extreme thirst

Although the direct causes for adult-onset diabetes are unclear, it is safe to conceive that the disease has a prominent hereditary component.  Research indicates that an individual with a parent or sibling who has suffered from type 2 diabetes has 10- 15% chance of developing it. Environmental factors may act as a trigger for someone with a genetic tendency. Risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes are

• Obesity/overweight
• Heredity
• Ethnicity
• Hypertension
• Poor cholesterol profile
• Being diagnosed pre-diabetic
• Gestational diabetes

Most people aren’t aware that living a healthy lifestyle can actually cure adult-onset diabetes. Achieving and maintaining an optimal weight and eating a balanced diet have proven to have cured at least 90% of type 2 diabetics.

Specifically, nutrition and diet is so critical to the control of the disease. Here are some tips to help any individual having difficulty controlling the symptoms.

Some individuals may require oral medications in that diet and exercise alone are not successful with keeping blood sugars in a safe range. Additionally, others may eventually require regular insulin injections to control glucose levels.

• Decrease or avoid intake of refined sugar
• Avoid high complex carbohydrates and raw foods
• Decrease fat
• Increase fiber
• Decrease consumption of fruit
• Increase regular physical activity

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Unfortunately, as the symptoms of diabetes worsen; as does the effects of depression. This alludes to a dangerous vicious cycle in that the patient stops managing their diabetes which means increased incidents of long term complications.

Recent studies implemented to evaluate the consistency of diabetes and depression revealed prevalent results. The rate of diabetes with major depression is 3 to 4 times greater than the general population.

Specifically, according to the American Diabetes Association, 15 to 20% depression rate increases in diabetic patients. It is also confirmed that women are at a greater risk. The combination of them both, whatever the statistics indicate, may have great potential for life-threatening results.

Each of the conditions becomes more and more difficult to manage. The conditions may lead to cardiovascular disease, blindness, and stroke. Ironically enough, an additional study identified that depression in diabetes equals a greater risk factor for heart disease than high blood sugar levels.

It is important for you to know the symptoms of both diseases in order to obtain the proper care and treatment. It is unfortunate that many healthcare professionals miss the signs of depression; therefore never receiving help. Individuals who are depressed aren’t able to care for diabetes properly. Some of the symptoms of diabetes include

• Fatigue
• Extreme thirst
• Frequent urination
• Blurring vision
• Extreme weight loss
• Deep- faster breathing
• Trembles
• Nausea- vomit

The common symptoms for depression include:

• Lack of appetite or over eating
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Sleep disturbances (not sleeping or sleeping too much)
• Lack of interest in things that use to bring pleasure
• Feelings of hopelessness
• Feelings of helplessness or worthless
• Loss of concentration
• Sadness for prolonged times
• Restlessness for no apparent reason

As you can see, the symptoms of depression have significant capability of antagonizing the ability to properly control your diabetes. Furthermore, people with diabetes and depression would have a difficult time communicating to the physician their thoughts, feelings, and what symptoms they are experiencing.

As depression is noted to trigger the onset of diabetes or perhaps make it worse, it is obviously necessary to effectively manage one’s depression to keep the diabetes under control. The physicians should take your depression under consideration and treat accordingly.

You should take depression medications that will co-exist with diabetic treatment. The diabetic must also take the responsibility to implement a healthy life-style. Here is a list of treatment regimens for individuals suffering with diabetes and depression.

• Tricydic antidepressant
• Nortriptyline antidepressants
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Prozac

These medications have proven to improve the levels in diabetic patients that also suffer with depression. Study shows that people who develop diabetes are also diagnosed- treated for depression within six months.

It is important that you recognize the symptoms and risk factors of both conditions, to avoid further complications and to live a quality life. Ask your physician for a depression screening immediately upon diagnosis of diabetes. Risk factors such as obesity is number one; especially amongst people with diabetes and depression. Depressed people tend to eat more and exercise less.

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Unfortunately, the increasing number of diabetes patients, whether type 1 or type 2 are causing astounding challenges for health care providers worldwide. Due to hospital changes in policies regarding treatment for diabetes, the patient’s length of stay continues to shorten.

Therefore, patients are forced to obtain holistic health care in their own homes. Home diabetes health care has substantially increased, which in the long- run has improved patients quality of life. Furthermore, in-home care promotes ongoing strategies to enhance and promote diabetes awareness.

According to the American Diabetes Association, when patients are hospitalized for other conditions, diabetes is rarely a major entity of concern. Hospital records may not even include a diagnosis of diabetes. In older patients, blood glucose levels is often ignored, or regulated as secondary to other conditions. The diabetic population in the United States is 65 or older, which is projected to increase to 53% by 2025.

This would suggest that older people with diabetes and hyperglycemia may encounter a greater risk of significant cognitive decline or physical disability. Hyperglycemia also causes sleep disturbances, incontinence, dehydration, impaired inability, and visual disturbances. It is increasingly essential for home health care providers to tailor health care to caring for the aging population.

Initially, diabetes health care is not a home care network concern; relishing numerous poor blood glucose measurements. More so, the levels are not even included in initial or ongoing patient assessments. Hence, most home health care patients are referred by hospitals; generally not treated for diabetes care.

Regulated administrative movement to improve the quality of home health care for diabetes does not exist. There are existing barriers that prevent extensive diabetes assessment, self-management, and actual care for this particular population, however. Significant analysis reports have been published that hinder the enhancement of diabetes health care for the home.

1. No regulatory agency that evaluates the quality of home health care interventions for patients with diabetes

2. Home health care patients must supply their own glucose meter and test strips in order to properly asses their glycemic control. This process is to be identified as important as blood pressure, temperature, weight, height, heart sound, and lung sounds. Yet, surprisingly enough, many home health care agencies do not permit nurses to transport blood glucose meters.

3. Hyperglycemia is not considered such a diabetic medical emergency as compared to hypoglycemia or low blood glucose level. Hypoglycemia is regarded as a significant change in condition, to include mental status changes.

4. Home care American Diabetes Association standards do not require physicians to routinely order hemoglobin for their home health care patients with diabetes. Unfortunately, the largest percentage of home health care clients is the elderly with diabetes. They are not receiving optimal diabetes care.

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Generally, when diagnosed it is classified as type 1 or type 2. The impact that both types have on your life is critical, however. The disease affects children and adults alike and can indicate life-threatening results if not treated properly.

The type 1 diabetes, also referred to as juvenile diabetes usually develops in children and young adults. The type 2 diabetic is generally 40 years or older. Commonly known as adult-onset diabetes, it accounts for 90 to 95% of all diagnosed cases in America.

Diabetes involves digested food, the pancreas, insulin, and blood sugar (glucose) levels. The condition develops when the individual’s body no longer produces enough insulin or the insulin is not used productively.

It is the pancreas’ job to produce the insulin using the digested food that is turned into glucose. The insulin builds up in the bloodstream causing high blood sugar (glucose) levels as opposed to helping the body cells convert the glucose into fuel or energy for the body.

Living with diabetes for long periods of time may cause irreversible damage to organs of the body. The high blood sugar levels can damage the eyes, blood vessels, nerves, and kidneys. When these organs are damaged, of course, other medical complications occur.

In most cases, there are genetic and/or environmental factors that trigger the onset of diabetes. The genetic pre- disposition often remains dormant until activated by environmental factors.

Effective diabetic management must become a lifestyle choice not an option. The disease forces you to examine specific life-style habits that most people take for granted. Upon diagnosis, depending upon your type, you may require oral medications or insulin injections.

However, diabetes can be treated, controlled, and cured by implementing healthy life-style changes. Diabetes demands that you practice commitment and discipline. The first line of defense against diabetes is to control its progression.

When treating diabetes, the goal is to keep the blood sugar level as close to normal as possible. An increased blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) is not a safe level. Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) are not safe, either.

The key to living with diabetes is to make a commitment to preventive care and management. First, it is important to identify the symptoms that may occur. When the symptoms persist, it is time to seek the attention of your physician immediately.

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent nausea or vomit
• Deep/faster breathing
• Weak or drowsy
• Lost of significant weight
• Breath smells like fingernail polish
• Trembles or dizziness
• Blurred vision

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you may be living with diabetes. Once it has been diagnosed, then it’s time to modify your life-style.

Healthy Diet Plan

1. eat meals around the same time daily
2. eat three times a day
3. eat plenty of fiber
4. eat fewer “empty” calories

Exercise

1. helps the body use the insulin for energy more effectively
2. good for the heart, cholesterol levels, blood pressure
3. helps with mental stability- feeling better/less anxious
4. lose weight

Stop Smoking and Excessive Drinking

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A podiatrist is a medical specialist concerned with foot, lower leg and ankle medical care as their branch of specialization.

The diabetes disease can inflict damage to the blood vessels and nerves (peripheral neuropathy) decreasing the ability of the foot to sense pressure or injury. Also, diabetes affects the immune system rendering it ineffective in fighting off infection.

As a result, foot injury becomes noticeable only when it has reached a severe stage and bacterial infection has set in. Then it will become necessary to amputate the limb in order to keep the infection from spreading out all over the body and thus save the patient’s life.

Certain individuals suffering from diabetes have greater risk factors in developing this complication. It is a must therefore that proper knowledge about diabetes foot care should be one of their foremost concerns in managing their diabetes affliction. Individuals prone to developing diabetes foot complication are:

1. Diabetic male sufferers.
2. Diabetic sufferers with complications of eye problems.
3. Diabetics sufferers with complications of kidney or heart problem.
4. Individuals who has been suffering from diabetes for more than 10 years.
5. Diabetes with poor management of blood glucose level.

A thorough knowledge of diabetes foot care is important in order to avoid foot wounds and injuries that leads to bacterial infection.

1. Check the feet for possible sores in the soles, heels, sides, top and in between the toes.

2. Wash the feet using mild soap and lukewarm water. Afterwards, use lotion, lanolin, oil or petroleum jelly to soften the skin but do not put them in between the toes.

3. Wipe the feet gently and carefully. Moist areas are the favorite breeding ground of infections.

4. Before trimming the nail, soften them by soaking in lukewarm water. To avoid ingrown, the nails should be cut straight across.

5. Regular exercise promotes blood circulation and avoid a stationary position especially when sitting or standing for a longer period of time. Also, eliminate the habit of smoking, if you are into it, as this is unhealthy for the circulation of the blood.

6. Wear a pair of comfortable shoes and clean dry socks or a panty hose that is non-binding. Socks should also be worn during cold season to avoid frostbite.  Avoid stockings with rough seams and thonged sandals.

7. Avoid the following:

•  Antiseptic solutions since this can injure the skin thru burns.

•  Hot cemented pavements, sandy beaches, and hot water.

•  Self-treatment of corns or calluses.

In case you’re a diabetes sufferer,  make sure you know all there is to know about diabetes foot care. Any signs of bruises, blisters, sores, cuts or redness that you will notice in your foot should be immediately referred to the podiatrist for proper care and treatment.

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The following are some helpful tips to help you manage diabetes to prevent other diseases from further compromising your health conditions as well as your lifestyle.

1. Have your own diabetes health care team. This means that aside from your attending physician, other professional health workers like a diabetes nurse, a diabetes dietitian, an endocrinologist, and a diabetes educator are always available to assist you in managing your diabetes affliction. As soon as you are diagnosed with diabetes, it would be a good idea to immediately contract the services of these professionals and apprise them of your diabetic condition regularly.

2. Keep track of your blood sugar levels as it will serve as an indicator if your treatments are working favorably.

3. Follow the diabetes diet planned out for you by your dietitian. However, make sure that your doctor reviews the dietary plan as part of your health care team.

4. Engage in a regular exercise program but make sure to clear this matter with your doctor. There may be certain aspects about your diabetes that can be aggravated by strenuous activity. Remember that your glucose absorption is impaired; the energy you will be using up during exercises is limited. In addition, you have to manage diabetes by always keeping a constant check on your blood sugar statistics especially before exercising.

5. As a diabetic, part of your lifestyle will change and that includes your sleeping habits. It would be inadvisable for you to continue staying up late at night; instead, you should always get enough sleep and rest.

6. If you are a smoker, you have no other recourse but to kick the habit. Smoking will not strengthen your body system and will only make you vulnerable in acquiring other diseases.

7. Enroll in a stress management class in order to develop your ability in handling stress effectively. Allowing yourself to become affected by stress will work up your body and use up much of your limited energy.

8. Observe proper hygiene particularly in foot and skin care. Watch out for calluses, cracks or any skin lesions. Any redness or unhealthy signs of skin breakdown like pus and foul smelling abscesses should be reported immediately to your doctor. Foot abnormality will include swelling in your feet or ankles as well as blackening and coldness.

9. Notify your doctor about any unusual signs that may indicate infection as in fever, rashes, vomiting and the likes.

10. Sexual problems may arise and it would be advisable for you to discuss them with your doctor.

11. Keep yourself up to date with information about diabetes by visiting your diabetes educator who can help you understand other complexities about your diabetic condition.

Your ability to manage diabetes will determine the quality of life you will live. Though it may seem tedious at first, keep an open mind and willingness to go through the routines. You will soon develope them as habits that can meet the demands of your diabetic condition.

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When one is diagnosed with diabetes, the blood sugar in the body is already high. The insulin being produced by the pancreas is no longer proportionate in order to normalize the blood sugar level in the body.

Here are 4 important points to remember if you are afflicted with diabetes:

I. Learn your type of diabetes- It may be type 1, type 2 or Gestational

a. Type 1- The body is no longer producing insulin, hence, this type of diabetes needs a daily dose of insulin injection.

b. Type 2- This is the common diabetes and treated with oral medications.

c. Gestational- This occurs at a later period of pregnancy. The child is prone to become overweight and possess the diabetes disorder as well. The mother later becomes susceptible to Type 2 diabetes.

II. Monitor your blood sugar/pressure and cholesterol level

a. Blood sugar- There is the A1C test in monitoring blood sugar which aims to have a blood sugar level of below 7. This is to avoid complications in the heart, feet, eyes, kidneys and blood vessels. A1C test is also known as HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin tests, indicates the average blood glucose level of a diabetic patient over the past few months.

b. Blood pressure- The ideal blood pressure is 130/80. High blood pressure can cause stroke, kidney disease or heart attack.

c. Cholesterol- The goal of most people is to have a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of less than 100 and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of above 40. The LDL or commonly referred to as the “bad” cholesterol has the ability to block the blood vessels that will cause heart attack or stroke.

III. Deal with your diabetes

a. Have a meal plan.

b. Eat nutritional foods like fruits, vegetables, skinless chicken/turkey, lean meat, dish, beans, low-fat milk or whole-grains.

c. Eat a low salt and low fat diet.

d. Indulge in a 30 minute to 1 hour daily exercise.

e. Contact your mental health counselor if you are experiencing depression.

f. Eliminate the smoking habit.

g. Always maintain good dental hygiene to avoid dental problems.

g. Check for any blisters, cuts or even sores.

h. Monitor your eyesight and refer any changes you notice right away to your doctor.

i. Maintain your daily dose of medicines even if you feel good.

IV Monitor your routines

a. Make sure that daily routines are properly attended to with the use of a checklist or note pad intended for this purpose only.

b. Mark your calendar for the date of your next visit to the doctor so as not neglect it.

c. Maintain a target level of cholesterol, weight, blood pressure, just to name a few.

Controlling your diabetes can deter or delay the occurrence of diabetes problems to maintain a better quality of life and can prolong your lifespan in the process.

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